In the field of metal-sulfur batteries, solid-state electrolytes are considered attractive due to their improved safety and high flexibility. Herein, novel halogen-free gel-polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are presented, that could bridge the gap between lab cells and large-scale production. A GPE for Mg-sulfur batteries was prepared viaan in-situ crosslinking reaction between lithium/magnesium borohydrides and poly(tetrahydrofuran). The GPE displays outstanding ionic conductivities (0.15 - 0.22 mS.cm-1) in a wide temperature range (0-40°C), superior polarization behavior, remarkable reversibility and more strikingly, excellent compatibility with different sulfur-containing and intercalation cathodes including S8@activated carbon cloth (ACC/S), sulfur poly(acrylonitrile) (SPAN) composite, titanium disulfide, Chevrel phase Mo6S8 and lithium titanate. The effective suppression of the ‘polysulfide shuttle’ by the GPE allows for a stable cycling of Mg||SPAN and Mg||ACC/S cells at room temperature with high discharge capacities (600 and 420 mAh.gs-1 after 140 and 50 cycles, respectively). Overall, the Mg||GPE||SPAN system features good rate capability, low self-discharge, low-temperature durance, excellent flexibility and safety characteristics, which significantly improve the possibility for practical applications. For Na-sulfur batteries, a high-performance quasi-solid state crosslinked GPE prepared in situusing pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) exhibiting high ionic conductivity of 2.33 mS cm-1 at 25 °C was prepared. The GPE-based electrolyte shows high stability resulting in a high discharge capacity of &gt;600 mAh/gs after 2500 cycles with an average coulombic efficiency of 99.91%. The crosslinked polymer network is tightly connected to the cathode and can confine sulfides, thereby facilitating the conversion process.

High-performance sodium and magnesium sulfur batteries

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