The number of amputation patients caused by diseases and traffic accidents is huge; it reached 2.26 million according to the survey of disabled persons. This has led to an increased market demand for percutaneous implants. However, percutaneous implants have a high risk of infection due to the relatively open and complex service environment, which prevents soft tissue repair. Intelligent control of immune response is essential for obtaining percutaneous implant with well sterilization and tissue repair abilities. In this work, the polypyrrole (Ppy) nanoparticles enveloping three-dimensional frame of sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SP) surface was constructed, which enhanced the surface modulus and hardness of sulfonated layer through forming a cooperative structure of simulated reinforced concrete and had superior photothermal effect. Ppy coated SP could quickly accumulate heat on surface by responding to 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light, thereby killing bacteria and destroying biofilms. Further, under the NIR stimulation, phagocytosis and M1 activation of macrophage cultured on Ppy coated SP were enhanced through activating complement 3 and its receptor, CD11b. While, phagocytosis and M1 activation were impaired along with abolishment of NIR stimulation in Ppy coated SP group, which was favorable for tissue repair. Then, Ppy coated SP could promote the COL-I, VEGF, CTGF and Acta2 expression through inducing M2 polarization due to higher surface modulus. In summary, Ppy coated SP with enhanced mechanical properties could be a well candidate for clinical percutaneous implant through on-off phagocytosis and switchable macrophage activation stimulated by NIR.

Sequential macrophage activation switch controlled by NIR for infected percutaneous tissue repair of Ppy coated sulfonated PEEK

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ACS Spring 2023

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