This talk will review research focussed on in-situ studies for the activation and conversion of methane on metal-oxide and oxide-oxide interfaces. In recent years, experiments with single-crystal surfaces and well-defined powders have increased our understanding of the interaction of methane with solid surfaces. Late transition and noble metals interact weakly with methane and elevated temperatures (&gt; 400 K) are necessary to enable a significant dissociation on the hydrocarbon molecule. In contrast, metal-oxide and oxide-oxide interfaces are able to dissociate methane at relatively low tempeartures (&lt; 400 K). On these systems, cooperative interactions between O and metal cations are responsible for the binding of methane and the breaking of a C-H bond. Experiments of AP-XPS and in-situ TR-XRD or XAFS have shown that the active phase of metal/oxide and oxide/oxide catalysts used for the conversion of methane is frequently a dynamic entity which evolves when the reaction conditions change. C atoms produced by the complete dissociation of CH4 react with O centers of the sample to yield CO which evolves into the gas phase. Over the created O vacancies interesting chemistry can take place. The addition of water to a mixture of CH4/O2 shifts the selectivity towards methanol production on Ni/CeO2, CeO2/CuOx and ZnO/CuOx. In AP-XPS, a correlation is found between the water-induced surface methoxy and the production of methanol. OH groups formed by the dissociation of water facilitate methane dissociation and block sites involved in the combustion of methoxy.

Fundamental studies on the activation and conversion of methane on metal-oxide and oxide-oxide interfaces

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