Controlled doping of inorganic semiconductors such as Si forms the backbone of modern devices, with dopants dictating function and performance in optoelectronics. However, for organic (molecular) crystalline semiconductors, the method and impact of controlled doping remain largely unexplored. We have established a methodology for doping rubrene crystals grown using physical vapor transport by introducing molecular iodine (I<sub>2</sub>) into the inert carrier gas. These doped crystals show higher conductivity and photoconductivity than their undoped counterparts. We expect the effect to be more pronounced with higher quality pure crystals. In addition to increased conductivities, due to the strong spin-orbit coupling of the iodine nuclei present in the crystal, we expect a larger singlet-triplet coupling in rubrene, thus modifying excited state properties, including longer lifetimes and changes to the singlet fission process.

Controllable molecular doping of organic crystalline semiconductors

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