The vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of furfural to 2-methyl furan was studied over mono and bimetallic Cu-Ni catalysts supported on TiO<sub>2</sub> with a fixed Cu (10 wt%) content and varying Ni (0-20 wt%)content. The catalysts were synthesized through wet impregnation method, and their properties studied in depth through techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2-physisorption, Raman spectroscopy, and NH3-temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Detailed studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of various process parameters such as Ni content, temperature, and contact time on the selectivity of 2-methyl furan. The bimetallic catalyst with the composition 10%Cu-10%Ni provides the optimum furfural conversion (100%) and 2-methyl furan selectivity values (84.5%) at 200 °C and WHSV = 0.87 gFFR h-1 gcatalayst-1 after 6 h time-on-stream (TOS). Long-term activity evaluation revealed that the catalyst exhibited 100% furfural conversion and ~85% selectivity towards 2-methyl furan over a period of 12 h. Conversion and selectivity values remained greater than 90% and 70%, respectively even after 15 h.

Vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derived furfural to 2-methyl furan over a series of TiO<sub>2</sub> supported mono and bimetallic Cu and Ni catalysts

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Vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derived furfural to 2-methyl furan over a series of TiO2 supported mono and bimetallic Cu and Ni catalysts

Vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derived furfural to 2-methyl furan over a series of TiO₂ supported mono and bimetallic Cu and Ni catalysts