Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in progressive motor impairments and potentially dementia. Current treatment of PD is efficient at reducing symptoms and includes Levodopa, a precursor to Dopamine (DA), and Carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor that prevents the breakdown of Levodopa. DA cannot pass through the Blood-Brain Barrier on its own while Levodopa can, however, Levodopa results in medium to long term side effects. Nanoparticle (NP) delivery mechanisms for PD have long been postulated due to the potential benefits of increased efficacy, lower dosage required, improved permeability through the BBB and improved patient outcomes. There is also increasing evidence that DA, an antioxidant, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, plays a critical role in brain inflammation and that brain trauma can lead to disruption in neural circuits, such as the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways. For these reasons, targeting DA pathways and addressing the oxidative stresses of PD and TBI may benefit neuronal survival and improve functional outcomes for patients. Herein we attempted to assemble a novel particle: a two-step synthesis of highly anti-oxidative, dopamine-encapsulated polymer matrix, potentially for the early treatment of PD and traumatic brain injury made from GRAS and readily available ingredients. The particle system with and without the load showed no statistically significant signs of cytotoxicity, setting the groundwork for further investigation.

Dopamine and creatine dual-loaded nano-polymer matrices for the potential treatment of PD and TBI

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