Bio-based fatty acid amides (FAAms) were synthesized directly from soybean oil and different amines through a solvent-free reaction with a non-toxic catalyst (DABCO). The purity and chemical structure of the products were confirmed by both FT-IR and NMR measurements. The thermal properties were investigated through DSC and TGA. The effect of oil saturation was investigated by using soybean oil with different degrees of saturation. The effect of chain length was investigated using C2~16 amines, and synthesizing disubstituted FAAms with diamines. FAAms were successfully synthesized from food-grade soybean oil (S), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHS), fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHS), and most of the primary alkyl amines with high purity and yield. Many of the FAAms from S and FHS exhibited promising thermal properties for PCM applications. Fifteen different FAAms exhibit high latent heat (up to 202 J/g) with a single-phase transition peak. The phase transition temperature of these FAAms ranges from 15 °C to 151 °C. A general trend of increasing enthalpy of fusion, narrower phase transition temperature range, higher melting temperature, and better thermal stability was found with increasing FAAms chain length. An opposite trend was observed for some long-chain FAAms with more than 42 carbons per molecule. Overall, a wide choice of green, organic PCMs with comparable thermal properties to petroleum based PCMs is provided in this work. Those FAAms with high working temperatures (&gt; 100 °C) could expand the application of organic PCM to different fields such as steam generation, textile, rubber industry, etc.

Synthesis and characterization of long-chain (C20 ~ C48) fatty acid amides (FAAms) from soybean oil and alkyl amines for phase change material applications

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