Pollution from various dyes including those used in textile industry is a concern in water treatment. We have demonstrated the removal of various textile dyes (such as kiton red and methyl orange) from water using paramagnetic ionic liquids with tetraalkyl phosphonium cation that is paired with an anion containing a paramagnetic species including iron and manganese. Magnetic extraction of dyes using an external magnet avoids the use of volatile and toxic organic solvents used for liquid-liquid extraction. Extraction efficiencies over 95 % was achieved. This study provides toxicity evaluation of various paramagnetic ionic liquids used for the extraction of dyes from water. Data from toxicological evaluation, such as from seed germination as bioindicators, is useful before the potential utility of paramagnetic ionic liquids in environmental remediation for cleaning wastewater contaminated with various industrial dyes.

Assessment of toxicity and extraction efficiency of paramagnetic ionic liquids used for removal of dye pollutants from water

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