(Photo)electrocatalysis offers an attractive solution to off-peak renewable energy storage and utilization by converting renewable energies such as solar and wind power into chemical fuels, and thus holds great promise for enabling the broad penetration of renewable energies. In addition to exploring advanced catalysts with both high efficiency and high selectivity, appropriate electrode design is also essential in achieving high conversion efficiency and has been one of the research focuses in the field of (photo)electrocatalysis. The nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template provides an ideal platform to rationally design and fabricate catalytic electrodes for (photo)electrocatalysis applications. The AAO templates can be combined with different material synthesis techniques to efficiently prepare catalysts into different nanostructure arrays (nanowires, nanotubes, and nanopores) and surface nanopatterns with high structural controllability and general applicability. Particularly, the high geometrical tuning possibilities (including pore size, pore shape, pore depth, and pore arrangement) of AAO templates allow for precise tuning of the structural parameters and morphologies of electrodes, and thus optimize the catalytic performance. Based on AAO template-assisted strategies, remarkable progress has been made in recent years toward the development of high-performance catalytic electrodes with particular emphasis on photoelectrochemical water splitting and hydrogen evolution reaction for hydrogen production.

Template-assisted design and fabrication of high-performance electrode for (photo)electrocatalysis

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