Polycyclic heteroaromatic hydrocarbons are of fundamental interest and have potential applications in materials science. In this work, we synthesized a library of ladder-type conjugated molecules with donor-acceptor structures. The ladder-type structure of these molecules locks the π-system in a single planar conformation, eliminates the uncertainty caused by the conformation change, and facilitates polaron delocalization to stabilize the open-shell resonance structure. We thoroughly investigated the redox activity, open-shell characters, and single-molecule electronic applications of these molecules by a combination of different experimental methods, including cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance, superconducting quantum interfering device , scanning tunneling microscope-break junction, X-ray crystallographic analysis, assisted by density functional theory calculations.

Conjugated ladder-type molecules for single-molecule electronics

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