According to the report of World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 disease, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to ~620 million confirmed cases and more than 6.5 million deaths worldwide till now, with currently the fast-spreading Omicron “BA.5” subvariant dominating and making 95% of COVID cases in the U.S. In-spite of availability of vaccines, it is important to detect infected individuals with coronavirus by rapid and accurate testing methods followed by patient quarantine to stop spreading of the disease. Antibodies based detection technique for COVID-19 has been crucial compared to other methods as antibodies are detectable as early as two days after the infection in some patients and antibody level persisting for months in human biofluids. Herein, we report a unique high-throughput biosensing platform for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody IgG by utilizing the unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) as noble metal nanostructure. Using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein linear epitopes ratio of S14P5 and S21P2 as receptor molecules in the biosensor construct, a highly sensitive and highly specific diagnostic tool is developed in a high-throughput multiplexing plate platform. We have investigated this biosensing construct to develop a fast and dynamic approach in detecting IgG antibody by screening out salt concentration in the buffer medium to determine its effect on antibody-antigen binding constant and time while maintaining the high sensitivity and high specificity. We have further used the optimized biosensor construct to analyze real-world patient samples, diagnosed with COVID-19 to detect IgG antibody in a very fast, reliable, high throughput approach. We believe that this testing approach has potential applications in COVID-19 and beyond this pandemic as a platform for a rapid and effective diagnostic tool.

Kinetic analysis for fast detection of COVID-19 biomarker using epitope-modified nanoplasmonic biosensing platform

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