Liquefaction such as fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction are promising approaches for converting biomass and wastes into liquid bio-oils or biocrudes followed by upgrading to produce fuel-range hydrocarbon products. Co-processing these bio-oils and biocrudes with petroleum feedstocks leverages the existing petroleum refining infrastructure, which reduces Capex for the overall conversion technologies for biomass to fuel and enables fast adoption of the technologies and biofuels. Identifying biogenic carbon distribution in different streams during coprocessing and accurately measuring biogenic carbon content in final fuel products are critical to the success of this coprocessing approach. In this presentation, we reported the co-processing of different woody fast pyrolysis and catalytic fast pyrolysis bio-oils and wet waste derived hydrothermal liquefaction biocurdes with petroleum steams such as vacuum gas oils and straight run diesel at 5-25% bio-oil blending levels for hydrotreating / mild hydrocracking. The reactions that occurred during coprocessing, the possible properties of different products, and the possible interaction between the biogenic stream and petroleum stream will be discussed. Biogenic carbon content in co-processed products calculated by yield mass balance and results from isotopic measurements will be reported to indicate biogenic carbon incorporation into liquid hydrocarbon products.

Distribution of biogenic carbon during co-processing biomass and waste-derived bio-oils and biocrudes in refinery hydroprocessing

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