Sintering of metal nanoparticles is one of the critical reasons for catalysts deactivation, particularly for catalysts exposed to elevated temperatures. To minimize sintering, strategies have been adopted for stabilizing metal nanoparticles, such as creating strong metal-support interactions, encapsulating the metal species within porous matrix, protecting the metal species with oxide layers. Zeolites have been considered as one of the ideal supports for preparing sinter-resistant metal catalysts, owing to their rigid frameworks and porous structures. Nevertheless, some questions remain unclear as to how the features of zeolites influence the sintering behaviors of metal nanoparticles and what the sinter-resistant mechanisms are. This work attempts to answer these questions. We first discuss the advantages of zeolites as the supports for encapsulating metal nanoparticles. Then, different techniques for characterizing the metal nanoparticles encapsulated in the zeolites are introduced. Third, previous studies regarding the sintering behaviors of the metal nanoparticles inside porous materials as well as the mechanisms are discussed. Finally, challenges associated with investigating the sintering phenomena in the zeolite-encapsulating metal catalyst are presented. This work aims to obtain a deep fundamental understanding of the sinter-resistant mechanisms and offer insights to the rational design of sinter-resistant zeolite-encapsulating metal catalysts.

Sinter-resistant mechanisms of metal nanoparticles encapsulated by zeolites

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