Nitrogen-doped carbonaceous materials are widely used for PDS activation as a metal-free carbon material. In this study, nitrogen-doped carbonized polyaniline (N-CPANI-T) was prepared via carbonization of the mixture of melamine and polyaniline at 700°C–900°C. Within 120 minutes, the DOX (20 mg/L) catalytic degradation performance of the N-CPANI-900/PDS system reached to 91.66% under the optimal conditions (0.75 g/L N-CPANI-900, 0.5 g/L PDS, initial pH 7.0), meanwhile the elimination efficiency of TOC reached to 83.77%. In the N-CPANI-900/PDS system, the PDS adsorption/activation was identified as the key step determining the reaction rate. The quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrated that the non-radical pathway was dominated in the DOX decontamination and the direct electron transfer was the main pathway, which can also be further demonstrated by electrochemical characterization. Graphitic N, defects and ketonic groups (C=O) were identified as catalytic sites.The effects of pH (3.0~11.0), inorganic anions, NOM and different water matrices on DOX degradation were almost negligible as the non-radical route played a significant role in the catalysis. The transformation products during DOX degradation were detected via HPLC-MS and the possible DOX decomposition pathways were proposed accordingly. The DOX degradation efficiency of the N-CPANI-900 slightly declined from 91.7% to 85.1% after five runs indicating that it had potential practical application.

Nitrogen-doped carbonized polyaniline (N-CPANI) for activation peroxydisulfate (PDS) towards efficient degradation of doxycycline (DOX): The non-radical pathway dominated by electron transfer

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