Pt-TiNT with PtO nanoparticles dispersed within the lumen and interlayer spaces of titania nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by new synthesis process involving titania nanosheets (TiNS) preparation by a microwave-assisted flow synthesis, ion-exchanging platinum precursor, and triggering the rolling of the titanate layer to trap the clusters inside the titanium nanotubes, followed by a thermal treatment. Unlike TiNT, Pt-TiNT is an active photocatalyst for diclofenac photo-oxidation under visible and UVA lights. Photocatalytic oxidation of diclofenac mitigates its anti-estrogenic properties and genotoxicity, but more importantly, it prevents generation of toxic transformation products. Furthermore, nano-confinement of PtO clusters narrowed the bandgap, which combined with its excellent absorptivity to harvest light allowed a larger spectral range of photon energies to participate in photocatalysis. Thus, Pt-TiNT is 14-fold more active than TiNT for visible light photocatalytic oxidation of diclofenac and more than 1000-fold better than the uncatalyzed photoconversion reaction.

Photocatalytic activity of nano-confined Pt in titania nanotubes prepared by microwave-assisted flow synthesis

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