Nanocelluloses, i.e. cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), have shown excellent gas barrier properties which makes them of the highest interest for the food packaging applications. However, the nanocelluloses swelling, in presence of water vapor, thwarts their good gas barrier properties. Consequently, the use of nanocelluloses in food packaging, while extremely promising is still a challenge. A multilayer architecture starting with an hydrophobic layer of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) could be a solution to protect nanocelluloses. Different studies have been devoted to the use of nanocelluloses as fillers in a PLA matrix, but here, a new architecture was developed by depositing layers of nanocelluloses on PLA. The effect of nanocelluloses coating on O<sub>2</sub> barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties was studied, as well as the organization of the nanocellulose layers (Fig.1). Very promising results were obtained, with O<sub>2</sub> permeation several orders of magnitude lower than PLA, thus validating this innovative process.

Hierarchical materials based on nanocellulose and poly(lactic acid)

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