Extracellular vesicles (EVs), with cargo of preconcentrated nucleic acids and proteins from parental cells are distinguished biomarker candidates for early disease diagnosis and for and therapeutic applications. For sensing EVs, nanoplasmonic materials have great potential, however one of the major factors affecting their sensitivity, is the lack of enrichment of EVs. We propose an efficient, label-free disease diagnostics of EV biomarkers from biofluids using plasmonic NPs coated on titania@nanoporous silica (Au/TiO2@NPSiO2). TiO2@NPSiO2 has porous silica framework revealed from SEM and TEM studies, which offers high surface area and improved enrichment of EV biomolecules on the surface. The TiO2 coating was identified by Raman studies which offer enhanced refractive index support for Au NPs providing enhanced sensitivity. We expect 10X higher surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals due to better enrichment of EVs. This platform is planned to be utilized in kidney disease patients for urinary EV based molecular diagnostics and SERS based classification with atleast 89 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity. The proposed work has potential to be utilized for sample to answer package, highly promising for early disease diagnosis.

Highly sensitive extracellular vesicle detection on a nanoplasmonic nanoporous platform

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