Solvation layers, also called electric double layers (EDLs), exist ubiquitously at all types of solid-liquid interfaces, and serve crucial roles in a large range of natural and engineered processes ranging from biological signal transduction to electrochemical energy conversion and storage. However, the molecular structure of EDLs is still elusive. In this talk, I will discuss our efforts on in situ imaging and spectroscopy of EDLs at electrochemical solid-liquid interfaces. In particular, we have developed a technique, electrochemical 3D atomic force microscopy (EC-3D-AFM), to image the electrode surface and EDLs with atomic-scale resolution. Using EC-3D-AFM, vibrational spectroscopy, and atomistic simulations, we have determined the EDL structure of a large range of electrolytes (ionic liquids, aqueous solution, and organic electrolytes) on carbon-based electrodes. I will delve into the effect of intermolecular interactions on the ordering and reconfiguration of EDLs at such electrified interfaces, and discuss about the implications for electrochemical energy conversion applications.

Molecules in solvation layers: Structure, ordering, and implications for electrochemical energy conversion

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