When it comes to anticancer drugs, the main problems include dose-response, toxicity, drug resistance, selectivity, and delivery. To overcome this the Colón laboratory proposes the use of the layered inorganic nanomaterial zirconium phosphate (ZrP) as a nanocarrier. ZrP is proposed as a nanocarrier because of its platelet shape, adequate size (ca. 200 nm), non-toxicity, high ion exchange capacity, and stability under physiological conditions, among other properties. The main objective of this work is the cointercalation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CisPt) and doxorubicin (DOX) into the ZrP nanomaterial for the development of a delivery system for combined anticancer drug treatment. The co-intercalation of CisPt and DOX is intended to result in a synergistic effect with higher cytotoxicity, reduce side effects while maintaining effectiveness and combat cancer cells drug resistance. This method is more attractive than conventional ones because the nanocarrier is cheap and easily prepared while improving the drug efficiency. In order to accomplish our objective CisPt and DOX were co-intercalated at 1:5:5 DOX:CisPt:ZrP molar ratios.<br/>In order to characterize the co-intercalated nanoparticles, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) was used, which resulted in two main interlayer distances of ca. 20 Å attributed to the successful intercalation of DOX and 9.4 Å attributed to the CisPt intercalation. Measurements done with infrared spectroscopy (IR) resulted in significant attenuation of infrared vibrations at 3595, 3512, and 1620 cm-1 confirming the loss of water in the interlayer space, while vibrational bands at 3200–3395 cm-1 represent vibrations from amine groups belonging to CisPt. Diffuse reflection infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT) data demonstrate that the exchangeable proton in the interlayer space was replaced by the platinated molecules. Meanwhile, 31P-NMR spectroscopy results upholds the presence of phosphate groups in different chemical environments, where the signal at -14.6 ppm confirms the covalent bond between the platinum metal center and the phosphate groups, the signal at -21 ppm is due to the interlayer dehydration, and the signal at -22 ppm is attributed to DOX interactions with phosphate groups and water molecules. These results indicate the successful co-intercalation of CisPt and DOX. Further experiments will be performed to study the effectiveness of the cointercalation ZrP materials as anticancer treatment with synergistic effects.

Co-intercalated zirconium phosphate nanoparticles with cisplatin and doxorubicin as a possible novel anticancer therapy treatment

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