A viable technique for the future energy portfolio is electrocatalytic water splitting, which is powered by renewable energy input and produces pure H2. The efficient production of hydrogen to meet the demand for hydrogen on a commercial scale is a major challenge. In terms of energy conversion and storage, water splitting electrolysis is a viable method for producing hydrogen. Researchers have developed technique for the hydrogenation of CO2 to valuable chemicals and energy carriers in the presence of hydrogen and catalyst. The conventional metal catalysts are very expensive and showed poor stability under long-term operation. In the present investigations, the structurally characterized copper complex with 1,10-Phenanthroline derivative was tested as an efficient and selective catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 to formate under 75 bar total pressure, 80°C. The experimental outcomes indicated that the higher efficiency for direct CO2 hydrogenation to formate was achieved (92% yield; 56,500 TON). This reaction system exhibited high stability and reusability. Here, the conjugated 1,10-Phenanthroline ligand system which lower the reduction potentials as well as to lower the over potentials for the CO2 reduction. Further, the destabilization of the copper-bound formate accelerates product extrusion, the rate-limiting step in catalysis. Here, the ligand core containing azomethine and electron withdrawing substituent makes metal complex as effective catalytic performance with higher turnover number as compared to existing cobaloxime and metal glyoximate. Further, the metal complex contains anionic acetate group which is water soluble and catalyzes hydrogenation of CO2 at relatively low overpotentials (300–400 mV at pH 4) with turnover number of 35000 (24 hrs). Therefore, the copper complex as active and robust catalyst lowering down the overpotential and thereby maximizing the energy conversion efficiency.

Effective conversion of carbon dioxide into industrial substrate, formic acid in the presence of metal(II) complex bearing conjugated ligand scaffold as catalyst: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic study

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