Lignin was actually the most abundant renewable aromatic resources, while the paper and pulping industry produced large amount of lignin typically incinerated, bringing environmental pollutions issue and huge resources waste. The scarce of fundamental mechanism understanding of lignin thermal conversion severely limited its upgrade for high value-added and state-of-the-art applications. The work aimed at revealing the aromatic fusion mechanism via in-situ or operando technique including STEM, AFM, XAFS and NMR, etc. for highly controllable synthesis of advanced low-dimensional carbon materials. The lignin with phenyl skeletons and condensed aromatic segments was successively transferred via our developed Lignin Aromatic Refusion Strategy from heterogeneous lignin chemical states into 0D and 2D homogenous graphene materials including Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), micron-sized graphene sheets (Gr) and heterogeneous GQDs/Gr VdW junction for high value added utilization including bio imaging, flexible electronics and energy storage, etc.

Lignin aromatic refusion strategy: Lignin to multi-dimensional graphene

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