Chemistry in snowpacks and at ice surfaces can dramatically affect atmospheric composition and the fate of atmospheric pollutants. Including snow and ice as reaction media in coupled chemistry-atmospheric models is challenging because we generally do not understand how reactions occur there. There is not a lot of research in this area, and existing results are often conflicting. We combine measurements of reaction kinetics in laboratory-prepared snow and ice with micro-spectroscopic investigations of the physicochemical properties of ice surfaces in the presence of environmentally-relevant solutes. This work shows that reaction environments can be very different at ice surfaces compared to in liquid aqueous solution, and provides mechanistic and kinetic insight that may help improve model parameterization.

Micro-spectroscopy of solute-containing ice

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