Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that uses photosensitizer agents such as porphyrins to cause apoptosis in cancer cells by generating singlet oxygen when exposed to visible light. Porphyrins are tetrapyrrole compounds made up of four pyrrole subunits linked by mesobridges. The tetratolylporphyrin (TTP) being used in this study was synthesized by a modified Adler method and purified using column chromatography with 100% chloroform on a 60Å mesh silica. Purity was tested by TLC, UV-Vis, and NMR. Because TTP is not water soluble, liposomes were used in this research project as a drug delivery system. The liposomes were prepared by using 14 mg of DPPC diluted in 1.0 mL absolute ethanol. In a separate vial, 1.1 mg of porphyrin was dissolved in 1.0 mL chloroform. The two solutions were mixed and 750 microliters was added to 10.0 mL of phosphate buffer (0.10 M, 0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.4) and heated in a water bath at 55°C. The solution was allowed to cool and then dialyzed for 24 hours. A visible spectra was obtained with a 420-nm peak, indicating porphyrin incorporation.

Tetratolylporphyrin (TTP) synthesis, purification, and incorporation into liposome carriers for administration to cancer cells

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