Cation exchange has been utilized as a colloidal post-synthetic modification technique to target metastable nanomaterials as well as to generate complex multidomain nanostructured materials with morphology retention. This process has been extensively studied for binary metal chalcogenides, such as Cu2-xS and CdS, among others, where the cation (Cu+ or Cd2+) is either fully or partially removed and replaced with another cation. Full exchange of the cation results in a different metal chalcogenide nanomaterial that maintains the morphology and crystallographic features of the starting material. Partial exchange can yield heterostructured nanoparticles with distinct metal chalcogenide material domains within one intraparticle framework or it can yield ordered or disordered mixed metal chalcogenide nanomaterials. There have been numerous studies showing how modification of reaction parameters for cation exchange can produce a wide variety of different products, including nanorods containing up to seven distinct metal sulfide domains and solid solution metal sulfides with mixing of five different metals on the cation site. In these previous studies, the complex products generally came from a binary metal sulfide starting material (i.e., Cu2-xS) with only one cation available to exchange, i.e., Cu+. In order to advance the versatility and scope of cation exchange, this presentation will discuss site selective cation exchange on ternary mixed metal sulfide nanoparticles, which have two exchangeable cations, to convert one ternary sulfide into another. This level of control and selectivity is important for expanding the capabilities of nanoparticle cation exchange and provides new understanding of cation exchange processes in compositionally complex systems.

Site selective cation exchange on ternary mixed metal sulfide nanoparticles

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