Food consumption frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus users from primary health care centres of Copiapo (Chile)
Fernández-Cao JC1, Doepking C1, Rojas J1, Cayo V2, Barraza A1, Vigorena A3, Correa G2, Cremer K2, Aguirre C3, Rojas C3
1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile; 2. Bachelor´s Degree in Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile; 3 CODIACO Study, University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile.
Background and aims: Currently, diabetes mellitus is a major health problem affecting 12.7% of people between ages 20 and 79 years in Chile, 90-95% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (1). Diet is a cornerstone in the management of this pathology (2). Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the food consumption frequency in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and users of primary health care centres in Copiapo (Chile).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 participants of the control of diabetes cohort (CODIACO) study in 2023. Women and men from 30 to 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and users of primary health care centres of Copiapo were selected for the investigation. Pregnant and lactating women, and patients with diabetic neuropathy/nephropathy, cancer, and severe infectious or inflammatory diseases were excluded. It was administered a questionnaire about the frequency of consumption of certain food groups (fresh fruits; raw, cooked, precooked and frozen vegetables; nuts; legumes; blue and white fish; seafood; red and white meats; viscera; sausages; sweet ultra-processed foods; water; juices; carbonated drinks; coffee and tea), recording the frequency with which they were consumed (never, seldom, occasionally and usually). The results were expressed as mean and standard deviation or percentages. The CODIACO study was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the University de Atacama. The project was funded by FONDECYT (N° 11180794).
Results: The age of the 160 participants was 55.64 ± 7.48 years. Usual consumption of raw or cooked vegetables (80.0%), fresh fruit (71.3%), legumes (55.6%), and white meat (75.0%) was reported by the great majority of the individuals. To a lesser extent, nuts (36.3%), white fish (31.9%), blue fish (30.6%), and red meat (30.0%) were also widely consumed on a regular way in these subjects. In contrast, pre-cooked (66.9%), frozen vegetables (57.6%), seafood (55.0%), sausages (65.7%), offal (84.4%), juices (55.7%), carbonated beverages (65.0%) and coffee (57.2%) were seldom or never consumed, mostly.
Conclusion: The results suggest relatively regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and white meats in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, users of primary health care centres in Copiapo (Chile). Otherwise, viscera, sausages, and precooked and frozen vegetables, as well as juices and carbonated beverages seem to be relatively little consumed in this population. Additional studies are required to know in depth the dietary habits of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the north of Chile.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diet, primary health care.
References:
1. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th ed. Brussels, Belgium: 2021. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
2. Ley SH, Hamdy O, Mohan V et al. (2014) Lancet383, 1999–2007.
Acknowledgments: We thank all the participants of the CODIACO study for their enthusiastic collaboration, the CODIACO personnel for their excellent assistance, and the bachelor's degree students for their important cooperation. Thanks also to the Municipal Health Directorate, the Municipal Laboratory and the personnel of the primary health care centres of Copiapo for their invaluable collaboration. We are also grateful to the Bruno Zabala Fredes School, the Hernán Márquez Huerta School, the Rosario Central Neighborhood Council, the Professional Technical School of Copiapo (ETP), as well as the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Health Science, and the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics for all their support.
This study was funded by the Chilean Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation (FONDECYT 11180794).

Food consumption frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus users from primary health care centres of Copiapo (Chile)
Fernández-Cao JC1, Doepking C1, Rojas J1, Cayo V2, Barraza A1, Vigorena A3, Correa G2, Cremer K2, Aguirre C3, Rojas C3
1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile; 2. Bachelor´s Degree in Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile; 3 CODIACO Study, University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile.
**Background and aims:** Currently, diabetes mellitus is a major health problem affecting 12.7% of people between ages 20 and 79 years in Chile, 90-95% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (1). Diet is a cornerstone in the management of this pathology (2). Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the food consumption frequency in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and users of primary health care centres in Copiapo (Chile).
**Methods:** A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 participants of the control of diabetes cohort (CODIACO) study in 2023. Women and men from 30 to 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and users of primary health care centres of Copiapo were selected for the investigation. Pregnant and lactating women, and patients with diabetic neuropathy/nephropathy, cancer, and severe infectious or inflammatory diseases were excluded. It was administered a questionnaire about the frequency of consumption of certain food groups (fresh fruits; raw, cooked, precooked and frozen vegetables; nuts; legumes; blue and white fish; seafood; red and white meats; viscera; sausages; sweet ultra-processed foods; water; juices; carbonated drinks; coffee and tea), recording the frequency with which they were consumed (never, seldom, occasionally and usually). The results were expressed as mean and standard deviation or percentages. The CODIACO study was approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the University de Atacama. The project was funded by FONDECYT (N° 11180794).
**Results:** The age of the 160 participants was 55.64 ± 7.48 years. Usual consumption of raw or cooked vegetables (80.0%), fresh fruit (71.3%), legumes (55.6%), and white meat (75.0%) was reported by the great majority of the individuals. To a lesser extent, nuts (36.3%), white fish (31.9%), blue fish (30.6%), and red meat (30.0%) were also widely consumed on a regular way in these subjects. In contrast, pre-cooked (66.9%), frozen vegetables (57.6%), seafood (55.0%), sausages (65.7%), offal (84.4%), juices (55.7%), carbonated beverages (65.0%) and coffee (57.2%) were seldom or never consumed, mostly.
**Conclusion**: The results suggest relatively regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and white meats in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, users of primary health care centres in Copiapo (Chile). Otherwise, viscera, sausages, and precooked and frozen vegetables, as well as juices and carbonated beverages seem to be relatively little consumed in this population. Additional studies are required to know in depth the dietary habits of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the north of Chile.
**Conflict of interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
**Key words:** Type 2 diabetes mellitus, diet, primary health care.
**References**:
1. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th ed. Brussels, Belgium: 2021. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
2. Ley SH, Hamdy O, Mohan V et al. (2014) _Lancet_383, 1999–2007.
**Acknowledgments**: We thank all the participants of the CODIACO study for their enthusiastic collaboration, the CODIACO personnel for their excellent assistance, and the bachelor's degree students for their important cooperation. Thanks also to the Municipal Health Directorate, the Municipal Laboratory and the personnel of the primary health care centres of Copiapo for their invaluable collaboration. We are also grateful to the Bruno Zabala Fredes School, the Hernán Márquez Huerta School, the Rosario Central Neighborhood Council, the Professional Technical School of Copiapo (ETP), as well as the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Health Science, and the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics for all their support.
This study was funded by the Chilean Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation (FONDECYT 11180794).

OC141 - Food consumption frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus users from primary health care centres of Copiapo (Chile)

Unique to the new Congress (previously the Summer Conference) is that you will have greater opportunity to engage with more nutrition science than ever before. In 2024 the core programme will be delivered by the Irish Section of The Nutrition Society, supported by the Science Committee. The theme of these symposia will be ‘new data – focused approaches and challenges’. Outside of the core programme you will have the chance to hear the latest research from the Society’s partner organisations, universities, the private sector and more, on a diverse range of research.